What is Encryption in Computer Software?

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Modern computers are equipped with tools for encrypting data and make it unreadable for those who don’t have the appropriate key. But what exactly is encryption, and how does it function? This article explains the basics of encryption and how it can help secure sensitive information from hackers.

In simple terms, data encryption converts textual information into ciphertext that can only be deciphered by authorized users with the appropriate password. It is an important component of cyber-security, which ensures security of data and keeps sensitive information from unauthorised users.

The most common type of encryption uses cryptographic mathematical models to transform the original data into a fragmented set of characters that isn’t readable (known as ciphertext). The encryption algorithms “scramble” individual bits in a randomized fashion so that even with huge computing power, it could take a long time to determine the key needed to convert back to plain text.

If you use AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), the most common encryption method, on your digital files that means that each of the zeros and ones within the file are scrambled 10 times in a semi random pattern. It will take a computer a long time to rearrange all the numbers into the proper order without a key.

The encryption process can also be used to prevent data leaks and ransomware. Hackers who gain access to encrypted data can’t read the information, and cannot threaten the company, or the individual involved, with the threat to release the stolen information to the dark web. Furthermore, encryption protects backup systems from hackers as they aren’t able access the data in its original form.